What is malware?

Malware is a compound word for 'malicious' and 'software'. This is any program that causes harm to people or property. This includes a long list of types:

1. Virus: A type of malware that attaches itself to a host file or program and can replicate itself to spread to other files and systems.
2. Worm: Similar to a virus, but it can replicate itself and spread independently without the need for a host file.
3. Trojan Horse: Disguises itself as legitimate software. Unlike viruses and worms, Trojans do not replicate themselves but can be just as destructive.
4. Ransomware: Encrypts the victim’s data and demands payment for the decryption key. It can spread across networks and can often be triggered by user actions.
5. Spyware: Secretly observes the user's computer and internet activities and collects personal and sensitive information.
6. Adware: Automatically delivers advertisements. It's not always malicious but can be intrusive and can come bundled with spyware.
7. Rootkit: Designed to gain unauthorized root or administrative access to a system, often hiding its existence or the existence of other malware.
8. Keylogger (Keystroke Logger): Records the keys struck on a keyboard, typically covertly, to monitor user actions.
9. Backdoor: Provides remote unauthorized access to a computer, often bypassing normal authentication procedures.
10. Botnet: A network of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group, often to send spam messages or participate in DDoS attacks.
11. Logic Bomb: A piece of code intentionally inserted into software that will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met.
12. Scareware: Tricks the user into believing their computer is infected with a virus to sell them unnecessary repair services or software.
13. Rogue Security Software: Falsely claims to protect or repair the system but instead introduces malware or performs illegitimate actions.

Bibliography

1. Malwarebytes - "What is Malware? Malware Definition, Types and Protection" https://www.malwarebytes.com/malware/
2. Microsoft Security - "What Is Malware? Definition and Types" https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/what-is-malware/
3. TechTarget - "What is Malware? Definition, Types, Prevention" https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/malware
4. CrowdStrike - "Malware vs Virus: What Is the Difference?" https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware-vs-virus/
5. Palo Alto Networks - "Malware | What is Malware & How to Stay Protected from Malware Attacks https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-malware